The Doppler Effect Essay - 487 Words

The Doppler Effect Christian Johann Doppler, born November 29, 1803 in Salzburg, Austria died March 17, 1853 in Venice. Christian Doppler an Austrian Physicist who first described how the detected frequency of light and sound waves is affected by the relative motion of the source and the detector. This aspect became known as the Doppler Effect. Christian was educated at the Polytechnical Institute in Vienna. Doppler became director of the physical Institute and professor of experimental physics of the University of Vienna in 1850. In 1842 he published Uber das farbige Licht der Dopperlsterne which means Concerning the Coloured Light of Double Stars, which contained his first statement of the Doppler effect. He then†¦show more content†¦And if the light is moving towards you then the light becomes bigger, and brighter. Another example of this is if you ever drove in a car at night you can see a car from far away but the headlights of the other car look like they are more seperated apart. And as the vehicle moves closer to you, the lights seem that they are getting closer together. What happens to a pitch or frequency when the source is moving towards the person or away from him/her? It has been established from sound waves that the frequency is higher when a sound source is moving toward the person and lower when it is moving away from him/her. Another example of the Doppler effect is the way a police cars siren changes in pitch when it passes by. The sound waves in front of the car are condensed, while the trailing sound waves are longer and of a lower pitch. Light fr om an object moving towards the Earth is shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum, where as light from objects moving away is shifted toward the red end. The human ear cannot hear all possible frequencies. Very few people can hear any fewer than 16 Hz or any more than about 20 kHz (kilohertz--1 kHz equals 1,000 Hz). Music rarely makes use of this whole range of audible frequencies. The lowest note on a piano has a frequency of 27 Hz and the highest note a little more than 4 kHz.Show MoreRelatedDoppler Effect2322 Words   |  10 PagesDoppler effect The Doppler effect, named after Christian Doppler, is the change in frequency and wavelength of a wave as perceived by an observer moving relative to the source of the waves. For waves that propagate in a wave medium, such as sound waves, the velocity of the observer and of the source are relative to the medium in which the waves are transmitted. The total Doppler effect may therefore result from motion of the source, motion of the observer, or motion of the medium. Each of theseRead MoreRelativistic Doppler Effect and the Misunderstandings of Special Theory of Relativity815 Words   |  4 PagesThe present paper discusses the relativistic Doppler effect and tries to found misunderstandings in the present state of the Special theory of relativity. The authors conclusion that he found some â€Å"blue shift† which contradicts with time dilation is wrong. The weakest feature of the paper is that although the formulas, presented by authors, are in general correct, but they do not support the conclusions the author extract from them, and mistake is hidden in the interpretation. Lets focus on theRead MoreSpeed Detection of Moving Vehicles Using Doppler Effect2854 Words   |  12 Pages| SPEED DETECTION USING DOPPLER EFFECT AND RADAR | | | INTRODUCTION Although there is good road safety performance the number of people killed and injured on our roads remain unacceptably high. So the roads safety strategy was published or introduced to support the new casualty reduction targets. The road safety strategy includes all forms of invention based on the engineering, education and enforcement and recognizes that there are many different factors that lead to trafficRead MorePrinciples of Physics in Ultrasound Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesabout 20kHz when the sound is no longer audible and above the frequency disturbance, this is know as ultrasound. The first major breakthrough in the evolution of high frequency echo-sounding techniques came when the piezo-electric effect in certain crystals was discovered by Pierre and Jacques Curie in Paris in 1880. The turn of the century saw the invention of the Diode (component that restricts the direction of movement, allows an electric current to flow inRead MoreThe Principles Of Laser Doppler Flowmetry 21657 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Contents Introduction and History 1 The Principles Of Laser Doppler Flowmetry 2 Clinical Applications 4 Recent Developments 4 Glossary 5 Works Cited 6 â€Æ' Introduction and History Laser Doppler flowmetry, or LDF, is a unique way to measure the microcirculatory blood flow without a painful or invasive procedure. LDF uses the Doppler shift theory as a way to transmit the information, with the scattering of light coming from the laser by way of the red blood cells. [A, B, C] Micro-vascularRead MoreThe Importance Of Echocardiography For Clinical Practice As They Are Used For Screening, Diagnosis, And Diagnosis2604 Words   |  11 Pagesmost widely used diagnostic tests in cardiology as it is considered the safest diagnostic techniques due to no ionising radiation involved in image production. Echocardiography is based on the Principles of Wave transmission (Ultrasound) and The Doppler Effect which are considerably cheaper compared to X-ray imaging, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine and other diagnostic techniques (Cootney, 2001). In addition to cost, ultrasound cardiac imaging machines are relatively small and mobile which can also satisfyRead MoreThe Career Of A Ultras ound Technician1025 Words   |  5 Pagesrequired to become a successful Ultrasound Technician and the impact this career has on society. In 1801 Thomas Young described â€Å"phase shifting† in relation to light. Christian Doppler in 1842 created the â€Å"Doppler effect† which is how blood flows in pelvic vessels and the fetus. Pierre Curie in 1880 described the piezoelectric effect, where ceramic to generate ultrasonic waves.Paul Langevin in 1915 built the first hydrophone, microphone designed to be used to listen to underwater sound ,also related toRead MoreElastic Wave Filtering Properties Of Graded Undulated Lattices Lab Report765 Words   |  4 Pagesto strong wave attenuation over a broad frequency range. The experimental investigation of wave transmission and the detection of full wavefields effectively illustrate this behavior. Transmission measurements are conducted using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer, while a dedicated digital image correlation procedure is implemented to capture in-plane wave motion at selected frequencies. The presented results illustrate the broadband attenuation char acteristics resulting from spatial grading ofRead MoreDoppler Ultrasound in Obstetrics Essay958 Words   |  4 Pagesnurse has a vast array of technologies that assist in establishing trust with parents during pregnancy. Doppler ultrasound is utilized during pregnancy to reassure mothers of fetal well-being. External fetal monitoring with Doppler ultrasound has limitations for fetal monitoring during labor. Technology such as the Doppler ultrasound is used to increase patient confidence in the medical field. Doppler ultrasound is a medical technology that enables antenatal monitoring, limited monitoring during laborRead MoreTaking a Look at Radar Systems680 Words   |  3 Pagescan have Doppler ambiguities. 2) Pulse Doppler radar It uses high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) to avoid Doppler ambiguities, but these radars can have range ambiguities. Continuous Wave Radar: CW radars process continuously by transmitting high frequency signal and the reflected energy is also received and further process. It ensures that the transmitted energy doesn’t leak into the receiver. It may be bistatic or monostatic, measures radial velocity of the target using Doppler Effect. Two

Emerging Three Dimensional Printing Of Modern Medicine Essay

Emerging Three Dimensional Printing in Modern Medicine The improvements made in the medical field such as surgical procedures, equipment and outcomes have been nothing but extraordinary. In this day, we have been able to experience the almost impossible medical advancements. Starting from an ancient Babylonian and a Greek physician, we are now in the verge of developing printable 3-D organs and 3-D virtual reality models of fetuses. These 3-D organs and models are an excellent source for any organ transplants, internal and external prosthesis, further experimentation on disease development and prevention, and finally, aid in assessing fetus abnormalities to prevent many other possible medical complications. All of these factors also affect the amount of reimbursement received based on the impact on medical cost such as length of surgery, type and quantity of equipment needed to perform these procedures or printings, required medical staff to assist in surgical procedure, types of med ications or therapies required after surgery and patients length of the stay. Three Dimensional printing is becoming one of the next biggest advancements in modern medicine, helping physicians and scientist achieve many more successful outcomes with their patients. At the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, in North Carolina, custom- build bioprinters are being perfected to achieve successful use. An object is scanned or designed using model software, that data is then sent to theShow MoreRelatedHow Digital Printing Is Revolutionize Our Modern Day Lives?1258 Words   |  6 Pagesthe future of medicine will be in the next decade? With diseases and illnesses advancing, technology has been improving and advanced innovative ways have been surfacing. Something that has modernized our way of life without even realizing it is a printer. Do you ever foresee that printers could other than put ink on a piece of paper? Three-dimensional printing is revolutionizing our modern day lives in our own selves as we speak. Although there are several types of 3D printing, one version thatRead MoreEvaluating The Future Of Medicine1508 Words   |  7 Pagesyou think the future of medicine will be in the next decade? With diseases and illnesses a dvancing, technology has been improving and advanced innovative ways have been surfacing. Something that has modernized our way of life without even realizing it is a printer. Did you ever foresee that printers could do other than put ink on a piece of paper? Three-dimensional printing is revolutionizing our modern day lives as we speak. Although there are several types of 3D printing, one version that hasRead MoreHow Scientists Can Most Efficiently Complete Organ Printing Essay2428 Words   |  10 Pagesorgan printing. In this lab, the cells will be suspended in a substrate called sodium alginate-collagen, hydrogel, and other reactants. These materials will react to then embed the cells to their goal location. Then, the cells will be able to be fixated into layers. These layers will then come together and form tissues, which according to biological organization will form organs. The inkjet bioprinter allows for this to occur. Tiny ink droplets form a digital design for the org an printing, and inRead MoreFrom Salvation to Self-Realization18515 Words   |  75 Pageshealth defined in sweeping terms. 5Of course, one could argue that there is nothing specifically historical about this therapeutic ethos. People have always been preoccupied by their own emotional and physical well-being; all cultures, ancient and modern, have probably had some sort of therapeutic dimension. But my research in magazines, letters, and other cultural sources suggests that something was different about the latenineteenth-century United States. In earlier times and other places, the questRead MoreComparative Analysis of Different Brands14052 Words   |  57 Pages50-paise. And that’s when the multinationals sat up and noticed him. But what really worked was the ‘bring empty sachets and take shampoo sachets in return’ offer. Sales zoomed from 35,000 sachets to 12 lakhs. Initially they took any sachet, but after three months they restricted to Chik sachets C) â€Å"LIBERLIZATION BOOM and STABLIZATION† STAGE POST LIBERLIZATION (1991-2000) Post liberalization not only saw higher number of domestic choices, but also imported products. The lowering of the trade barriersRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pages11. Asimov, Isaac, 1920. 111. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. IV.College of William and Mary. V. Title. VI. Series. Q175.55.B88 1985 303.4’83 84-1 4 1 59 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword Science and technology have had a major impact on society, and their impact is growing. By drastically changing our means of communication, the way we work, our housing, clothes, and food, our methods of transportationRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pages11. Asimov, Isaac, 1920. 111. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. IV.College of William and Mary. V. Title. VI. Series. Q175.55.B88 1985 303.4’83 84-1 4 1 59 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword Science and technology have had a major impact on society, and their impact is growing. By drastically changing our means of communication, the way we work, our housing, clothes, and food, our methods ofRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pageswill need to quote from the work of others. However, you must make it quite clear that is what you are doing and you must give proper recognition to the original author (identifying the quotations and referencing the paper appropriately). There are three types of plagiarism. Unattributed copying from the work of others; Unattributed copying from work that you have published in the past; Patch-writing where substantial passages are taken from previous published work and slightly edited to changeRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 Pagesentrepreneurs are graduates. However, only 16% chose a speciï ¬ c sector as a result of their educational background. Nearly one in two entrepreneurs considered skill shortages in recruitment to be a problem of average importance, while nearly one in three considered it ‘somewhat difï ¬ cult’ or ‘very difï ¬ cult’ to ï ¬ nd candidates with the right skills. More than a third of the entrepreneurs faced problems in accessing as well as retaining employees generally. 50% of the entrepreneurs experienced difï ¬ cultiesRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesacademic spheres in accounting, I sense that the two worlds have less and less to do with one another. It is therefore ever more important to reflect on the contributions which Michael Bromw ich has made. He played an important role in the diffusion of modern practices of capital investment appraisal in the United Kingdom. He has been constantly open to the insights which advances in economic theory can provide into the accounting art, in many areas pushing at the frontiers of international knowledge in

New Trends in the Global Business †Free Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the New Trends In The Global Business Environment. Answer: Introduction The competition for domestic markets is intensifying, companies and organizations are being forced to go global in order to expand their operations and increase their profit margins. Globalization chance presents business leaders with additional opportunities and challenges for a viable business expansion. The International business environment is ever changing, and new aspects are emerging every day, hence forcing business organizations to be up to date in understanding the new complexities and adaptation strategies in a global market. Recent analysis from researchers about international trade has shown a shift in direction for the major drivers in the global environment each single year. Macro and microenvironment dynamics of a business are rapidly changing on a worldwide basis each year (Parker, 2008). The high level of technology is among the newest trends in the environment as it has brought new technicalities in product production, distribution, and consumption. Through technology companies can now produce quality goods and ship them to their customers effectively through new shipment tracking systems that are being developed. The time between distribution processes to the receivable of goods by the customer worldwide has been reduced too. It is also important for businesses to understand there are general expectation and responsibility of producing environmentally friendly products (Al-shamari Masri, 2016). The future of many global corporations dealing with technological goods will depend on how they contro l the environmental impacts of their products. Universal communications systems are steadily improving thus enabling smooth interactions between businesses and their end consumers all over the globe. Customers can now enquire about specifications of a given product and total price directly from their sellers. In recent years there has been an upward trajectory in social technologies as more and more people are connecting and interacting on social media platforms. Communication trends have made organizations integrate social network marketing and promotions strategy through social media interactions. These developments among international companies will force the new corporations to integrate communication systems and techniques so as to connect with their global consumers. A shift of economic power is being experienced worldwide as the developing nations are termed as better investment ground than the already grown economies (Morrison, 2011). European and western economies are seeing stagnated growth thus limiting the growth of economies and opportunities in these countries. Demand for products and traditional services are standard and have stopped growing in the most of the developed countries. Developing countries are being seen as the best avenues for investment as they are in the process of improving living standards of their citizens. This means that many organizations have opportunities to develop and present their products in these developing nations. Supply chains strategies are likely to develop where the goods will be made in the developed countries and distributed to the developing countries due to the availability of a market for ready-made products. Market expansion strategies ideas are spreading among multinational companies; this is done through the development of partnerships and buying of ownership rights of infant enterprises in these countries. Constant innovation is being witnessed all over the world where individuals are innovating products aimed at improving global consumer satisfaction and problem-solving ideas. Traditional products are being enhanced, and new products are being developed so as to meet the international standards of consumer expectations. To remain competitive at an international level companies are promoting and investing in creative and inventive individuals to their organizations. Companies left out in the competition of innovation and rebranding, especially the technology related organizations are likely to be forced out of the international market. Consumer needs, tastes, and preferences are changing rapidly hence making these organization to invest heavily in market research and promote innovative ideas so as to meet the customer's endless list of needs. Many business leaders have accepted the ideas of expansion toward the globalization strategy therefore intensifying competition in the global market. Each year more and more businesses globalize and develop their products beyond their domestic country. Over the last years the western companies were the major international players in the market. However, this has changed as Asian corporations are aggressively entering the market. Production factors such as labor in Asian and African countries are cheaper hence reflecting on the price of products offered. To compete with these cheap products western businesses are being forced to produce more quality goods, innovate aggressively and react to the markets needs faster so as to be in a competitive position (John Allen 2008). Smart machine revolution is growing at a fast rate in production companies all over the world so as to save cost of production and compete at an international level. Robots have replaced major human labor as they are now being used as receptionist, security, and as human assistants. Productions costs such as wages are significantly being cut thus helping these companies realize bigger profit margins every year. The development of this phenomenal is expected to be on the rise all over the globe as a measure of increasing profits or reducing the losses. Efficiency and effectiveness are also likely to be improved as it will help eliminate or reduce human errors. The companies practicing this strategy are however likely to pay into account the importance of human factor such as interaction and judgment attributes, therefore limiting them to the number of artificial intelligence that they have. The ever changing social demographics are posing an enormous challenge to organizations as they try to understand the consumer behavior by their age, sex, and economic class. Worldwide population is growing at a high rate while literacy and intellectual levels are improving thus pointing to a younger, working middle class in the next 10 to 15 years. The changes and development in such demographics are forcing companies to structure themselves into a given specific niche targeting a given demographic group. In a modern global market, companies are obliged to conduct serious studies on consumer behaviors on these groups all over the world. A major percentage of the world is made up of the youth thus proving the reasons why most companies are into youth related products and services (Wong, 2008). Companies involved in service provision for the older group have also experienced substantial growth due to their narrowed niche. Conclusion Business leaders have the responsibility of developing their respective business through expansion or any other product development strategies, among them include globalization of a product and presenting it to potential international consumers. Foreign markets provide new challenges, business opportunities and risks to any organization that wishes to expand its product and services internationally. Learning about new trends new opportunities and laws at international is a fundamental principle that any organization that wants to offer its services to global customers. Demographic changes, technological trends, investment prospects worldwide and innovation developments are among the key things that dictate movements in the international market. References Al-Shammari, M., In Masri, H. (2016). Ethical and social perspectives on global business interaction in emerging markets. Journal of International Business,25(6), 721-741. Czinkota, (2009). Emerging trends, threats, and opportunities in international marketing: What executives need to know. New York: Business Expert Press. John, R., Allen, M. (2008). Global business strategy. Global Business Behavior Journal,43(8), 71-74. Laudicina, P. A. (2005). World out of balance: Navigating global risks to seize competitive advantage. New York: McGraw-Hill. Morrison, J. (2011). Global Business Environment. Palgrave Macmillan. 66(9), 21-41. Parker, B. (2005). Introduction to globalization and business: Relationships and responsibilities. London: SAGE. Wong, S. 2008. Global business trends: Developments and responses. Business Education Behavior,25(6), 721-741.

The Fall Of The House Of Usher Setting Essays -

The Fall of the House of Usher: Setting The Fall of the House of Usher: Setting In the short story, "The Fall of the House of Usher," by Edgar Allen Poe, setting is used extensively to do many things. The author uses it to convey ideas, effects, and images. It establishes a mood and foreshadows future events. Poe communicates truths about the character through setting. Symbols are also used throughout to help understand the theme through the setting. Poe uses the setting to create an atmosphere in the reader's mind. He chose every word in every sentence carefully to create a gloomy mood. For example, Usher's house, its windows, bricks, and dungeon are all used to make a dismal atmosphere. The "white trunks of decayed trees," the "black and lurid tarn," and the "vacant, eyelike windows" contribute to the collective atmosphere of dispair and anguish. This is done with the words black, lurid, decayed, and vacant. The narrator says that the Usher mansion had "an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven." It was no where near being beautiful, holy, or clean. He uses descriptive words such as decayed, strange, peculiar, gray, mystic, Gothic, pestilent, dull and sluggish to create the atmosphere. Poe's meticulous choice of words creates a very effective atmosphere in the story. Another important way Poe uses the setting is to foreshadow events in the story. Roderick Usher's mansion is on example of this. There is a "barely perceptible fissure" in the masonry. It is a small crack in "The House of Usher" which the narrator defines as "both the family and the family mansion." This foreshadows an event that will ruin the house and the family. The fissure divides the house. Roderick and Madeline die, destroying the family. The narrator says there is a "wild inconsistency between [the masonry's] still perfect adaptation..and the crumbling condition of the individual stones." This is also symbolic. The stones represent the individual people of the Usher family, and the entire mansion stands for the whole family. The "wild inconsistency" makes the reader aware that something later in the story will make the inconsistency" clear or consistent. From far away, no one knows that the House of Usher is in despair. The "fabric gave little token of instability"-- or the mansion itself did not tell of the turmoil it concealed. The story takes place in autumn, a season associated with death. When the story's tension is about to reach its crescendo, a storm comes up, a "rising tempest." This is a symbol for the "tempest" brewing in Roderick Usher's mind. Poe's use of foreshadowing is just enough to clue the reader into what will happen, but not enough to give it away. Character traits are displayed through how the setting affects, influences, and reveals the characters. The narrator is affected by the gloomy atmosphere of the Usher mansion. He is "sucked in" to Usher's "dream world," the world he created after living alone in his dismal house for years. Usher's house itself is a symbol for Usher. It is isolated like Usher. There are many "intricate passages," like the many facets of his mind. One of the rooms had windows which "feeble gleams of encrimsoned light...served to render sufficiently distinct the more prominent objects around." The windows stand for Usher's eyes, the light is reality. He lives in his own world he created. Reality enters his brain only in "feeble gleams of light." "The eye...struggles in vain to reach the remoter angles of the chamber.." The reality does not reach all of his brain. These quotes show that Usher is only half in the real world, half in his own world. The books Usher read, his art, and music all reveal his personality. He played "long improvised dirges" on the guitar. The narrator describes his painting as "phantasmagoric." The books he reads are about death, magic, mysticism, the occult, and torture. His favorite is a book of vigils for the dead. All these things show that Usher is unstable and obsessed with death. Through the setting, Edgar Allan Poe is able to foreshadow events, establish an atmosphere, and reveal character traits. Although the reader may not notice all the numerous devices used, they contribute to giving the story depth. Noticed or not, Poe utilizes the setting to its' full capacity to create the mood, characters and foreshadowing.

Why Did Nationalism Prove Such an Unstoppable Force Under Gorbachev Essay Example

Why Did Nationalism Prove Such an Unstoppable Force Under Gorbachev Essay Example Why Did Nationalism Prove Such an Unstoppable Force Under Gorbachev Essay Why Did Nationalism Prove Such an Unstoppable Force Under Gorbachev Essay Under Gorbachev nationalism proved an unstoppable force that precipitated the collapse of the Soviet Union. Nationalism had always existed across the Union but it was allowed to surface and become a problem under Gorbachev predominantly because of his tactical mistakes and because of his reform programme. Nationalism became an unstoppable force because of the deprivation in many Soviet republics. The economic reforms of perestroika were designed to rejuvenate the weak Soviet economy and put it on par with western economies. However, McCauley wrote that economically, perestroika was an abject failure resulting in economic decline, shortages, large budget deficits and rising inflation (1998, 265). By 1990 the economy was in such a poor state that many people in the republics argued that greater autonomy or independence was necessary to protect their economies from collapsing (Walker, 1993, 182). Economic reforms continually failed to give the republics either ownership or managerial control over natural resources or fixed assets on their territory. Yeltsin, who was a popular nationalist campaigner, often complained that even Russia owned just fifteen percent of its resources in 1990 because they were largely controlled by the Soviet Union (Walker, 1993, 178). As perestroika developed, there was a growing belief that the only way to reform the economy was to move away from the centrally planned economy and rely more on market mechanisms. These reforms seriously damaged the Soviet Union because it was taken for granted that state property was the bedrock of a socialist system (McCauley, 1992, 91). The CPSU was legitimised by the fact it was leading the Soviet Union forward to socialism but the economic reforms were clearly not socialist. The existence of the Soviet Union relied on the legitimacy of the CPSU, which was now rendered illegitimate by economic reforms. McCauley wrote, the CPSU was the institution which provided the glue which kept the whole system together. No alternative institution was set up to replace it. One of Gorbachevs failures was that whereas he destroyed the old system, he did not put a new one in its place (1998, 269). Without legitimacy it was almost impossible for the CPSU to hold the Soviet Union together, when there were strong nationalist movements in the republics, who derived legitimacy from popular support. Gorbachev attempted to give the CPSU a new basis of legitimacy in the form of electoral accountability. However the elections were a success for nationalist movements and only consolidated their position and authority shifted further from the centre to the republics. The newly elected republican legislatures claimed greater legitimacy because they were more representative and so refused to be subordinate to federal power (Walker, 1993, 179). The elections boosted the confidence of the nationalist movement and many became increasingly radical. For example, a war of laws began. Republican legislatures changed many federal policies and laws and refused to implement federal orders unless they would benefit the republic (Walker, 1993, 181). Glasnost was a key part of Gorbachevs reforms. In Russian, glasnost literally means openness and Gorbachev believed that a relaxation of censorship and oppression was needed so vital new ideas could come forward to benefit the Soviet Union. However, glasnost contributed greatly to the collapse of the Soviet Union because it unleashed nationalist forces. Firstly, this is because, people were finally shown the ills of the Soviet Union. Walker wrote the mediawhich had always painted a rosy picture of society, began to fill up with horror stories (1993, 137). Terrible stories about the actions of Lenin and Stalin were released and investigative journalists such as young televisions producer Nerzorov, revealed the dire situation the Soviet Union was currently in (McCauley, 1992, 101). Secondly, glasnost removed cultural oppression and allowed nationalist feelings that had always existed to emerge. Across the Soviet Union there was enormous cultural diversity and only a weak common identity. People were finally allowed to say that they wanted their state to be based on a cultural community and that people of the same community should rule it, which fundamentally undermined the idea of the Soviet Union ruled by the CPSU from Moscow (Sakwa, 1998, 279). People were able to organise themselves into nationalist movements and put strong collective pressure on the Soviet Union (Daniels, 1993, 125). Thirdly, the Congress of 1989 dealt a huge blow to the Soviet Union because it gave nationalist tensions an incredibly public platform. This would not have been possible before glasnost. McCauley wrote the old practice of an official line, carefully agreed speeches, and unanimous approval were gone forever (1992, 101). The arguments highlighted how fragmentation of the Soviet Union and the problems with it. The Congress was extremely significant because the Soviet public paid so much attention. Kiernan wrote the nation sat virtually hypnotised in front of its televisions as an unprecedented political spectacle was played out daily (1993, 218). Nationalism and resentment of the Soviet Union was compounded by a series of outbreaks of violence, which ended in Soviet troops killing people in the republics. Gorbachev was indirectly responsible for the killing in Baku, Tbilisi, and Vilinius. He advocated the violence but was shocked at the loss of life (McCauley, 1998, 274). These incidents could not just be swept under the carpet with glasnost. It was clear that Gorbachev had lost control in an unprecedented way for a General Secretary of the CPSU. This strengthened nationalist feeling because people started to seek a new coherent leadership and people were no longer as afraid of defying Gorbachev. This is exemplified by the Gorbachevs swing to the right in the summer of 1990 to consolidate his position (Walker, 1993, 183). Gorbachev made numerous enemies because of his reforms, or by replacing people in power, such as members of the Politburo and the Secretariat. He was continuously attacked and criticised to the point that a coup was staged in 1991 (McCauley, 1998, 92). Many of the people Gorbachev alienated also expressed their dislike by supporting nationalist movements (for example, Yeltsin). They knew that if they destabilised the Soviet Union they would weaken Gorbachevs position. There were external factors that gave rise to nationalism in the Gorbachev era. Firstly, many western states, including most importantly the USA, helped nationalist movements gain greater influence by giving them resources. For example, nationalist movements in the Baltic covertly received printing presses from the USA to enable them to mass produce their nationalist newspapers and pamphlets. Secondly, the new freedoms allowed under glasnost allowed the Soviet public to see that life was far better in the mixed economies of the West. Nationalism became more popular as people in the Soviet republics lost faith in the Union and felt that they could have a better standard of living if they were self-determined (Sakwa, 1998, 288). Finally, it is even alleged that Reagan started a new arms race with a renewed military build-up in the 1980s because he knew that the Soviet economy was weak and could collapse under the strain. This would have added to the deprivation in the republics and sti mulated nationalism (Heywood, 1997, 148). One of Gorbachevs biggest failures as Soviet leader was to almost ignore the national question. He embarked on a massive programme of economic and political reform but failed to address the significant impact this would have on the federal structure of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev failed to appease nationalist with concession and so radicalised them. Initially most nationalists called for greater freedoms, however, when Gorbachev failed to listen to their calls they moved towards wanting secession (Walker, 1993, 174-5). Nationalist movement across the republics of the Soviet Union were very different. They varied greatly in the tactics they employed and the pace at which they moved. This is demonstrated by the numerous differences between nationalists in the Baltic and Central Asia. Nationalist movements in the Baltic tended to be more radical than in Central Asia. It was Baltic nationalists that first challenged the authority of the Soviet Union with declarations of sovereignty. They were the first to discuss secession and the first to secede (Daniels, 1993, 126). Baltic nationalists were also far more protective of their ethnic identity and against, what they saw as, Russian imperialism. Daniels wrote in the extreme case, to protect their ethnic identity, the Baltic republics have tried to deny equal rights of citizenship to Russians and others who may actually have been born there and lived there all their lives (1993, 135). The radicalism in the Baltic republics is understandable in the light of the fact they were only incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940 as a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact (Walker, 1993, 117). In the 1980s, people in the Baltic could still remember the Soviets colluding with the Nazis and treating their nation like a commodity. This is very different to Central Asia, where many of the Soviet states had been part of a Russian-centred empire for at least one-hundred years (Daniels, 1993, 135). Central Asian republics also benefited economically from being in the Soviet Union. They tended to have weak economies and received a net inwards flow of resources as a result of being part of the Union (Walker, 1993, 180). The opposite is the case in the Baltic republics because they were some of the richest and most developed in the Soviet Union. Their bitterness at being part of the Soviet Union was compounded by the net outflow of resources (Muiznieks, 1995, 21). Nationalist movements in Central Asia did not have the ambition or the scope of those in the Baltic republics. They tended to be more concerned with local projects that directly influenced them, whereas the Baltic republics became the battleground over the fate of the Soviet Union. Muiznieks wrote nationalist movements in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania not only destroyed the structures of Soviet power in their own republics, but exported their revolutions to other areas of the Union as well (1995, 3). This is because nationalist movements in the Baltic believed that their interests would be best served by helping unleash nationalism across the Soviet Union. They also were driven by ideology to a greater extent than nationalist movements in Central Asia. The movements in the Baltic were committed to the belief that peoples should have the right to self-determination. They attempted to find allies in other Soviet republics and if they could not find some they would proactively try to cr eate some. They did this by stirring up nationalist agitation with the numerous publications and radio stations they established. Once nationalist feeling had grown, prominent activists were often sent out to help nationalist movements grow by offering practical assistance (Muiznieks, 1995, 7-8). Even if nationalist movements across the Soviet Union did not directly collude with those in the Baltic republics, there are numerous instances (for example Belorussia, Moldavia and the Ukraine) of movements importing the methods and goals of Baltic movements (Muiznieks, 1995, 11). The Baltic movements were also very influential because the Baltic was the most westernised part of the Soviet Union and managed to maintain some links with the West, and therefore contact with or emulation of the Balts might have been perceived as enhancing ones own western orientation (Muiznieks, 1995, 20). Nationalist movements in Central Asia were not as influential as those in the Baltic because they concentrated more on local disputes. They did not provide a model that was compatible with many of the republics of the Soviet Union because they were predominantly Islamic. Some animosity existed with the Christian majority across the Soviet Union. The model provided by movements in Central Asia was also much less appealing because of the violence and involvement of the Soviet military. In comparison the Baltic model was much less dangerous (Muiznieks, 1995, 20-1). In conclusion, Gorbachevs reforms, primarily perestroika and glasnost, proved to be an absolute disaster for the Soviet Union because they compounded nationalist feeling and allowed it to be expressed openly. Gorbachev crucially failed to address the national question although he had unleashed. By the time he had realised there was a serious problem, he no longer had the power to rectify the situation. Therefore, it is fair to blame Gorbachev for letting nationalism become an unstoppable force.

Free Essays on Nobility, Church, And Middle Class In The Middle Ages

, the Middle Ages?† I would have replied with something I had seen from some movie with Heath Ledger in it. The Middle Ages began with the fall of the Roman Empire and ended with a great renaissance. The Middle Ages were shaped by its nobility, church, and middle class. The nobility are the base of the medieval triangle. A noble man is more often described as a strong, great warrior. He is the hero that provides a somewhat sense of leadership. A perfect example of noble hero in its purest form is displayed in The Cid. The Cid is a twelfth-century Spanish epic that recounts the heroic El Cid Campeador. El Cid was loyal to no one but his followers and was pretty much a loner. While strong and brave, at the same time, he was a master of tactics. He avoided putting his men in danger at all costs and only took a proportional amount of military booty for himself. El Cid was what a noble hero was supposed to be (Cantor, ed. 3-4). During the Middle Ages, society established what historians, today, call the â€Å"Shame Culture.† This culture says that a noble man should never be one to fall victim to shame, nor is he one to hesitate when being faced by the opposition (Cantor, ed. 3). The French epic Roland shows the difficult choices facing a noble hero that is trying to rise from the pressures of the shame culture. During the war between Charlemagne and the Moslem Moors in Spain in the late eighth century, Charlemagne only lost one battle. That battle just happened to have been led by his nephew, Count Roland. Roland should have summoned for Charlemagne’s help earlier, but out of fear of him shaming the French army and being looked at as a coward; Roland hesitated. The poet raises the issue of the line between military honor and reckless folly. That is a question still asked today (Cantor, ed. 7). In 900 A.D., after the collapse ... Free Essays on Nobility, Church, And Middle Class In The Middle Ages Free Essays on Nobility, Church, And Middle Class In The Middle Ages If someone were to ask me, two months ago, â€Å"What comes to my mind when I hear the words, the Middle Ages?† I would have replied with something I had seen from some movie with Heath Ledger in it. The Middle Ages began with the fall of the Roman Empire and ended with a great renaissance. The Middle Ages were shaped by its nobility, church, and middle class. The nobility are the base of the medieval triangle. A noble man is more often described as a strong, great warrior. He is the hero that provides a somewhat sense of leadership. A perfect example of noble hero in its purest form is displayed in The Cid. The Cid is a twelfth-century Spanish epic that recounts the heroic El Cid Campeador. El Cid was loyal to no one but his followers and was pretty much a loner. While strong and brave, at the same time, he was a master of tactics. He avoided putting his men in danger at all costs and only took a proportional amount of military booty for himself. El Cid was what a noble hero was supposed to be (Cantor, ed. 3-4). During the Middle Ages, society established what historians, today, call the â€Å"Shame Culture.† This culture says that a noble man should never be one to fall victim to shame, nor is he one to hesitate when being faced by the opposition (Cantor, ed. 3). The French epic Roland shows the difficult choices facing a noble hero that is trying to rise from the pressures of the shame culture. During the war between Charlemagne and the Moslem Moors in Spain in the late eighth century, Charlemagne only lost one battle. That battle just happened to have been led by his nephew, Count Roland. Roland should have summoned for Charlemagne’s help earlier, but out of fear of him shaming the French army and being looked at as a coward; Roland hesitated. The poet raises the issue of the line between military honor and reckless folly. That is a question still asked today (Cantor, ed. 7). In 900 A.D., after the collapse ...

Care Delivery and Care Management in Nursing Case Study

Care Delivery and Care Management in Nursing - Case Study Example (Kurtzman and Corrigan, 2007, 20-36). This patient, Mr. John Smith has mental disability. Maintenance of Safe Environment: The nurse plans therapeutic interventions for clients with actual or potential risks for safety based on the nursing assessment of the risks and a development of a care plan for the specific client through a process called nursing process (Scott-Cawiezell and Vogelsmeier, 2006, p. 179-215). Nursing Process: The Roper et al. model for nursing offers a framework where during care, the nurse is able to ensure that his individuality is taken adequate care of and provided due weightage. The Roper-Logan-Tierney model recommends a problem-solving approach in the nursing process (Roper, Logan, and Tierney, 1983, 17-19). Deriving from this, nursing process can be defined as a systematic approach to planning and delivering nursing care. This process comprises of four main stages, namely, assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. After the problem is determined, the nurse can then assess the needs of the patient. Depending on the needs, a plan of care is developed, depending on which the nurse can determine nursing goals. Once the goal is set, the chosen nursing care strategies can then be implemented, after which, it is also important to evaluate the care process, since any gap can be rectified through evaluation (Roper, Logan, and Tierney, 1983, 17-19). Assessment: Assessment is a cyclica... Smith. His main and actual problem was that he was unable to maintain his own internal and external safe environment due to his confused and impaired cognitive state. Rate of breathing, pattern of chest movement, presence of cyanosis, and pulse oximetry are important steps of assessment. It is important to remain aware that if needed, oxygen needs to be prescribed. Neurological assessment needed to be undertaken to assess the state of confusion and cognition. The aggression was also needed to be assessed. A safe external environment needed to be assessed by positioning of Mr. John Smith on bed, protective devices, and his own mobility. Apart from these, it was also important to assess whether all equipment for emergency care was within reach and was in working order. These included oxygen, suction apparatus, emergency trolley and resuscitation kit (Lesa and Dixon, 2007, 166-172). Identification of the Actual and Potential Problems: While assessing Mr. Smith, his actual and potential problems were prioritized. He was elderly with confusion and memory loss. Therefore, he was dependent for his care and needs. His religious and spiritual needs were also important parts of the assessment. His most important need was his care needs in terms of safety. Once his respiratory safety was ensured, his other actual problems were identified. He was having a problem with mobility due to age and confused state. This would call for positioning in the bed, safety arrangements in the bed and bed to chair mobility. Due to bed-ridden condition, he might have pressure sore or deep vein thrombosis (Roper, Logan, and Tierney, 1983, 43-44). Independent movement was also unsafe. He could end up having falls that is a safety risk. He was having aggression that

Life after death in Ancient Egypt Research Paper

Life after death in Ancient Egypt - Research Paper Example Admittedly, ancient Egyptians were afraid of death and could only imagine what happened in their afterlives: â€Å"Except in imaginative tales, no one had ever come back to tell of it† (qtd. in Bricker 99). Therefore, ancient Egyptians’ beliefs about life after death deserve special attention. In the first place, it is worth considering ancient Egyptians’ attitude towards death. On one hand, people were afraid of death. Many written works suggest that people regarded it as â€Å"an enemy from which there was no escape, regardless of all preparations† (Hodel-Hoenes and Warburton 26). Everyone, be it a pharaoh or a poor, eventually dies. Thus, death was also regarded as something inevitable. This was, perhaps, one of the reasons why ancient Egyptians respected it so much. There was even The Book of the Dead which was a guideline that depicted all necessary operations to enable diseased to enter the other world and start their afterlife (Hodel-Hoenes and Warb urton 25). The book was concerned â€Å"with practical help and magical assistance for the hereafter†; it was not a simple description (Hornung and Lorton 17). Death was regarded as a turning point where people transformed and began their existence in a new form in another world. It is important to point out that ancient Egyptians’ ideas about the form of the afterlife are quite complex. Thus, there is no certain word in the ancient Egyptian language which reveals the idea of the â€Å"modern concept of soul† (Pinch 147). In ancient times Egyptians believed that â€Å"several components† of a person usually survived death (Pinch 147). The major component was the ka, â€Å"a person’s vital force† which was usually depicted as â€Å"a double† and dying was described as â€Å"joining your ka† (Pinch 147). The ka was closely connected with human body, and mummification was aimed at preserving one’s body for the ka to return to the body â€Å"for a more complete union† (Pinch 147). Mummification is worth special attention since it was essential for â€Å"successful† afterlife. Cunningham and Reich claim that mummification is a reflection of â€Å"the most striking aspect of Egyptian religious thought†, i.e. â€Å"its obsession with immortality† (11). However, James Henry Breasted found quite an interesting explanation for the existence of such beliefs and â€Å"popularity† of mummification. He claims This insistent belief in a hereafter may perhaps have been †¦ greatly favored and influenced by the fact that the conditions of soil and climate resulted in such a remarkable preservation of the human body as may be found under natural conditions nowhere else in the world. (Breasted 49) Thus, the nature itself influenced the beliefs of ancient Egyptians who worked out certain techniques to preserve human body. It goes without saying that elite had more elaborate funer al than poor people did. However, it is important to note that all people were to be buried in accordance with the necessary rituals. More so, there was even a law concerning people dying in the Nile. According to this law all people, irrespective of their social status and wealth, be it an Egyptian or a foreigner, who died in the Nile (even if the person was unidentified) should be buried â€Å"by the inhabitants of the city† and all the necessary rituals should be carried out (Chan et al. 2032). This precision is due to the beliefs that deceased who

Promotional mix Essay Example for Free

Promotional mix Essay Element of the promotional mix for innocent smoothies may include this such as: Advertising is used to communicate with the public about their products and services, this can be expensive and businesses must ensure that they spend their advertising budget carefully methods include: moving image, print, ambient such as advertising on buses, digital and audio. Sales promotion is used to encourage customers to purchase your products or for distribution channels to stock your goods . methods are: price promotion (discounts), coupons, competitions, money refunds, loyalty incentives. Personal selling is when a representative of the company interacts directly with a potential customer using skills called closing a sale. Methods are: face to face, telephone, email, and video or web conferencing. Public relations are activities a business carries out to place information in the media without paying for it directly activities might include: exhibitions, sponsorship and press relations Direct marketing is when a business communicates directly with a customer, establishing an individual relationship between the business and the customer, methods are: direct mail, mail order catalogue, magazines and telemarketing. Advertising is used by innocent most effectively than other methods of the promotional mix, methods of advertising they use is they have links with popular children’s websites such as ‘club penguin’ , Innocent also put adverts on the TV. Another method of advertising Innocent use is that they sell magnets along with their smoothies this is effective as it appeals to their target audience. Innocent use advertising most effectively out of the promotional mix as they appeal to their target audience. Innocent use advertising as they are a new company who need recognition so their TV adverts are memorable and funny and they show their personality this links to matching their target audience well with how they advertise. Innocent use sales promotion effectively as they have used promotions such as the free magnets ad club penguin deals, as if they are linked with things such as club penguin people who use club penguin will be more likely to buy their pouts as I benefits them and linking with a big business like Disney which runs club penguin means that it helps appeal to more of their target audience, while giving them a better image and giving them a funnier personality. The innocent website ad Facebook page work effectively with their sales promotion as it uses fun ad games to promote their products while appealing to their audience at the same time. Innocent also use other methods of the promotional mix such as public relations. Innocent use this to get more sales for example inviting the press to a release of a new product so that they report about it and notify the public this will then help increase their audience ad gain more customers. The press an affect the sales a business makes as if they give a bad review and the company gets bad press they will lose customers instead of gaining them. This is effective because customers can get an unbiased opinion of the products, however it is a risky element of the promotional mix as the product/ company might get a bad review and loose customers but if the public like the product then it will gain sales. Elements of the promotional mix that innocent do not use: Things such as direct marketing and personal selling are not used as effectively by innocent because they sell straight to the store such as Tesco or a wholesaler because it keeps their products staying fresher, they will sell more as they will become more reliable as they are always in the shops unlike Avon which you have to wait weeks until you get your product and chose your products and thy well have a wider customer base, this is why they use advertising so effectively as It continues to get their items bought from the wholesaler. An example of personal selling is a car salesperson persuading you to buy a car, innocent do not use this as it would not be worth it, as they would have to pay for a person to sell the products and they would have to sell a lot before they make a large profit. A person would also have to walk around all day with the produce in the heat which can affect the produce. Innocent don’t use direct marketing as they sell their goods to big supermarkets and they don’t have to sell to the customers so it’s up to the supermarket to tell the customer about the products and deals etc. The promotional mix is used well by innocent as their adverts help get them customers and raise awareness of their brand, and appeal to their target audience. Innocent don’t use direct marketing or persona selling as they don’t sell to the customers personally they sell it to supermarkets instead or the wholesaler. Once they have sold their products to the wholesaler or  supermarkets they no longer will have to sell their produce however they do have to still advertise as they need the customers to want to buy their products from the supermarkets etc. so then the supermarket will continue to stock their brand. They use the distribution channels the way they do to make sure their products stay fresh for the customer and they are kept in good condition and by selling to supermarkets before the customer it will help show their brand to a wider audience and help increase awareness of their brand. The promotional mix used by innocent is appropriate because it has worked and their business is expanding and getting larger, they also have a reliable customer base in England which will help them if they decide to sell in America. This is because they have advertised their business a lot and because of their uses of advertising this means they have a wider audience which ranges from children to adults and any gender.

The Pursuit of Genetic Engineering Essay -- Genetics Science Technolog

The Pursuit of Genetic Engineering Imagine a world where diabetes is effectively treated, where cancer has a cure, and where food is altered for higher quality and increased production. This â€Å"fantasy† world is on the brink of becoming a reality due to advances in genetic engineering and cloning. These medical innovations have the potential to revolutionize our lives in numerous ways. However, the fear of controversy and the fear of the â€Å"new† could hinder and possibly halt any progress that we are capable of making. There are concerns that society should carefully consider. It is important, though, to thoroughly research and examine a topic in order to understand why there should be no fear caused by cloning and genetic engineering one must know the factual processes behind them before a strong argument on behalf of their advancement can be formed. Cloning and genetic engineering are very controversial subjects; however, when used appropriately as a means to solve a problem or ease pain and suffering in a person, rather than to â€Å"play God† and take life into one’s own hand can be very beneficial. The pursuit of cloning and genetic engineering should be continued as they provide a means for improving health care and making major advancements in food production and waste disposal because when ethics come into play the facts show that the two are not actually processes in which ethical issues should arise. The terms â€Å"genetic engineering† and â€Å"cloning† are often used interchangeably but there are conceivable differences between the two that should be pointed out. Genetic engineering is the alteration of one’s DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, (Walker 1). It is defined as, â€Å"the use of manipulations of an individual’s genetic ma... ...r, Ronald. Beyond Cloning : Religion and the Remaking of Humanity. Harrisburg: Trinity Press International, 2001. â€Å"First Cloned Human Embryos Created.† 27 Nov. 2001. On-line. Internet. 10 Feb 2003. www.newscientist.com/hottopics/cloning/ â€Å"Human Cloning: The Process.† 8 April 1998. On-line. Internet. 10 Feb 2003. http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~jones/tmp352/projects98/group1/how.html. Ridley, Mark. The Cooperative Gene. New York: The Free Press, 2001. â€Å"Should Cloning Be Banned?† 25 Nov. 2001. On-line. Internet. 16 Feb 2003. http://reason.com/biclone.shtml Thompson, Larry. Correcting the Code: Inventing the Genetic Cure for the Human Body. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994. Wilmut, Ian, Keith Campbell, and Colin Tudge. The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2000. The Pursuit of Genetic Engineering Essay -- Genetics Science Technolog The Pursuit of Genetic Engineering Imagine a world where diabetes is effectively treated, where cancer has a cure, and where food is altered for higher quality and increased production. This â€Å"fantasy† world is on the brink of becoming a reality due to advances in genetic engineering and cloning. These medical innovations have the potential to revolutionize our lives in numerous ways. However, the fear of controversy and the fear of the â€Å"new† could hinder and possibly halt any progress that we are capable of making. There are concerns that society should carefully consider. It is important, though, to thoroughly research and examine a topic in order to understand why there should be no fear caused by cloning and genetic engineering one must know the factual processes behind them before a strong argument on behalf of their advancement can be formed. Cloning and genetic engineering are very controversial subjects; however, when used appropriately as a means to solve a problem or ease pain and suffering in a person, rather than to â€Å"play God† and take life into one’s own hand can be very beneficial. The pursuit of cloning and genetic engineering should be continued as they provide a means for improving health care and making major advancements in food production and waste disposal because when ethics come into play the facts show that the two are not actually processes in which ethical issues should arise. The terms â€Å"genetic engineering† and â€Å"cloning† are often used interchangeably but there are conceivable differences between the two that should be pointed out. Genetic engineering is the alteration of one’s DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, (Walker 1). It is defined as, â€Å"the use of manipulations of an individual’s genetic ma... ...r, Ronald. Beyond Cloning : Religion and the Remaking of Humanity. Harrisburg: Trinity Press International, 2001. â€Å"First Cloned Human Embryos Created.† 27 Nov. 2001. On-line. Internet. 10 Feb 2003. www.newscientist.com/hottopics/cloning/ â€Å"Human Cloning: The Process.† 8 April 1998. On-line. Internet. 10 Feb 2003. http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~jones/tmp352/projects98/group1/how.html. Ridley, Mark. The Cooperative Gene. New York: The Free Press, 2001. â€Å"Should Cloning Be Banned?† 25 Nov. 2001. On-line. Internet. 16 Feb 2003. http://reason.com/biclone.shtml Thompson, Larry. Correcting the Code: Inventing the Genetic Cure for the Human Body. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994. Wilmut, Ian, Keith Campbell, and Colin Tudge. The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2000.

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MEDALLION COUNCIL PROJECT REPORT FORM CATEGORY:Environmental Concerns PROJECT NAME:Green Holiday Party PROJECT DATE(S):December 20, 2012 FHSAA CLASSIFICATION: 8A_ MAIN GOAL(S) OF THIS PROJECT (give specific goals): * To celebrate the holidays in an environmentally sustainable way * To bring the school community together in order to create crafts from recycled materials * For budgeted alternatives on holiday celebration PROJECT DESCRIPTION (50-250 words):As an eco-friendly way to celebrate the winter holidays, Timber Creek Student Government decided to encourage their students to make the season â€Å"green†. To start this project, bins were placed in each classroom for a collection of recycled materials from students and teachers. SGA then gathered the collection of donated materials from Timber Creek and got crafty by turning them into differently designed recycled and biodegradable ornaments. This way, the students can learn more alternatives to decorate for the holidays by spending little to no money.The assorted ornaments were placed on all of the trees throughout the Timber Creek campus as display for everyone at the school. A separate set of ornaments, bracelets, bowls, and art were made by SGA and put on sale for one dollar in the courtyard for students to purchase during lunch and between classes. The students were amazed with all of the different things you could make with such cheap materials like newspapers, cardboard and plastic that the sales rate became surprisingly high.The ornaments on the trees spread holiday cheer throughout Timber Creek. Timber Creek SGA showed the students that there can be budget-friendly and eco-friendly ways to celebrate the holidays. EVALUATION (Were your goals met? What changes would you make? ) The Green Holiday Party was an environmental and educational success. Timber Creek Student Government was able to sell over 100 recycled and biodegradable ornaments. All of the profits went towards charity to St.Jude Chil dren’s Research Hospital because all material was donated. Timber Creek students were very involved in this project by purchasing ornaments and walking around the courtyard to notice all of the different-looking ornaments made out of recycled material. The ornaments on the trees spread holiday cheer on the Timber Creek campus. To improve the project next year, SGA could consider asking for donations earlier than just a week prior to the project.

Pest on Unilever Essay

Political factors influence organisations in many ways. Political factors can create advantages and opportunities for organisations. Conversely they can place obligations and duties on organisations. Political factors include the following types of instrument: – Legislation such as the minimum wage or anti discrimination laws. – Voluntary codes and practices – Market regulations – Trade agreements, tariffs or restrictions – Tax levies and tax breaks – Type of government regime eg communist, democratic, dictatorship Non conformance with legislative obligations can lead to sanctions such as fines, adverse publicity and imprisonment. Ineffective voluntary codes and practices will often lead to governments introducing legislation to regulate the activities covered by the codes and practices. ECONOMICAL The second element of a PEST analysis involves a study of economic factors. All businesses are affected by national and global economic factors. National and global interest rate and fiscal policy will be set around economic conditions. The climate of the economy dictates how consumers, suppliers and other organizational stakeholders such as suppliers and creditors behave within society. An economy undergoing recession will have high unemployment, low spending power and low stakeholder confidence. Conversely a â€Å"booming† or growing economy will have low unemployment, high spending power and high stakeholder confidence. A successful organization will respond to economic conditions and stakeholder behavior. Furthermore organisations will need to review the impact economic conditions are having on their competitors and respond accordingly. In this global business world organisations are affected by economies throughout the world and not just the countries in which they are based or operate from. For example: a global credit crunch originating in the USA contributed towards the credit crunch in the UK in 2007/08. Cheaper labour in developing countries affects the competitiveness of products from developed countries. An increase in interest rates in the USA will affect the share price of UK stocks or adverse weather conditions in India may affect the price of tea bought in an English cafe. A truly global player has to be aware of economic conditions across all borders and needs to ensure that it employs strategies that protect and promote its business through economic conditions throughout the world.

Aboriginal policies essays

Aboriginal policies essays The discrimination against the Aborigines of Australia was not unheard of in the 20th century. The laws at that time, which were regarding to Aborigines, were harsh and gave them no rights or justice. This led to massive declines through the early parts of the 20th century. During this time, Aboriginal prejudice was not uncommon throughout Australia. Many were forced to leave homes when the soldiers from World War II came back and were given or sold land for extremely low prices by the government. The government also attempted assimilation, which was the abandoning of cultures and languages to adopt the Western culture. The Aboriginal Affairs Act was to strengthen assimilation, but the programme was soon cancelled after the setting up of the act, as the government could now see the pain and suffering of Aborigines. The new programme was integration, started in mid 1960s to gather support from Aboriginal people. Then, 2 acts were passed, which were Aboriginal Citizenship and Equal Wag es For Aboriginal Pastoral Workers. Self-determination was the next programme, still in place today, allowing the Aborigines to determine their own future, without white inteference. Finally, in 1993, the Native Rights Act was passed. Now, all races are believed to be equal in Australia. In the early 20th century, there were much prejudice against the Aborigines. European parents did not wish their children to mix with with black children, so the black students were kicked out. The white people did not like Aborigines inside cafes, so they were kicked out. This was very common during the time, so the Aborigines never took part in any activity involving other white people, and the white people would not allow them anyway. This caused great racial discrimination, but nobody cared during that time because the media were presenting white families with rumours about Aborigines. One of the rumours was the dirty Aborigines, which dr...

Shakespeares Sonnet 116 Study Guide

Shakespeare's Sonnet 116 Study Guide What is Shakespeare saying in Sonnet 116? Study this poem and you will discover that 116 is one of the best-loved sonnets in the folio because it can be read as a wonderfully celebratory nod to love and marriage. Indeed it continues to feature in wedding ceremonies worldwide. Expressing Love The poem expresses love in the ideal; never ending, fading, or faltering. The final couplet of the poem has the poet willing this perception of love to be true and professes that if it is not and if he is mistaken, then all of his writing has been for nothing–and no man, including himself, has ever truly loved. It is perhaps this sentiment that ensures Sonnet 116s continuing popularity in being read weddings. The idea that love is pure and eternal is as heart-warming today as it was in Shakespeares time. It is an example of that special skill that Shakespeare had, namely the ability to tap into timeless themes that relate to everyone, no matter which century they were born in. The Facts Sequence: Sonnet 116 forms part of the Fair Youth Sonnets  in the folio.Key Themes: Constant love, Ideal love, enduring love, marriage, fixed points, and wandering.Style:  Like Shakespeares other sonnets, Sonnet 116 is written in iambic pentameter  using the traditional sonnet form. A Translation Marriage has no impediment. Love is not real if it alters when circumstances change or if one of the couple has to leave or be elsewhere. Love is constant. Even if the lovers face difficult or trying times, their love is not shaken if it is true love. In the poem, love is described as star guiding a lost boat: â€Å"It is the star to every wandering bark.† The star’s worth cannot be calculated even though we can measure its height. Love does not change over time, but physical beauty will fade. (Comparison to the grim reaper’s scythe should be noted here–even death should not alter love.) Love is unchanging through hours and weeks but lasts until the edge of doom. If I am wrong about this and it is proved then all my writing and loving is for nothing and no man has ever really loved: â€Å"If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved.† Analysis The poem does refer to marriage, but to the marriage of minds rather than the actual ceremony. Let us also remember that the poem is describing love for a young man and this love would not be sanctioned in Shakespeare’s time by an actual marriage service. However, the poem uses words and phrases evocative of the marriage ceremony including â€Å"impediments† and â€Å"alters†Ã¢â‚¬â€œalthough both used in a different context. The promises a couple make in marriage are also echoed in the poem: Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,But bears it out ev’n to the edge of doom. This is reminiscent of the â€Å"till death do us part† vow in a wedding. The poem is referring to ideal love which does not falter and lasts until the end, which also reminds the reader of the wedding vow, â€Å"in sickness and in health†. Therefore, it is little surprise that this sonnet remains a steadfast favorite in wedding ceremonies today. The text conveys how powerful love is. It cannot die and is everlasting.   The poet then questions himself in the final couplet, praying that his perception of love is real and true, because if it is not then he may as well not be a writer or a lover and that would surely be a tragedy.

ENTREPRENURSHIP CAPITAL & THE FIRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

ENTREPRENURSHIP CAPITAL & THE FIRM - Essay Example This is followed by the factors contributing to the planned start-up business and the subsequent running and management of the venture. Influence of Personal Background The interview with the entrepreneur revealed that he is the only child of his parents. As a result, his parents were very attentive to his upbringing. According to Veciana (2007, p. 55), family context and childhood are among the basic factors affecting the decision to create a firm. As he belongs to a developing country, his parents gave utmost importance to his education. He was home-schooled for a year before joining kindergarten. The entrepreneur believes that during this time, he was taught by his parents as well as a home tutor. His father, in particular, often took him along to several parts of the city that he had to visit in the course of business. In this way, he got exposed to various trades from a very early age. His father is probably the very first role model that inspired him to become an entrepreneur. He owned a textile business and the entrepreneur would spend a few hours in the day with his father at the shop. This fits in with Shane’s (2010, p. 149) statement that children of entrepreneurs are more likely to become entrepreneurs themselves. The entrepreneur also reported that his parents did not place many restrictions on him as a child and allowed him to pursue his interests. This encouraged him to be bold and take up challenges. Although the entrepreneur’s parents were affectionate towards him, they also encouraged him to be independent and assume responsibility for his actions. He stated that from the age of three, he began to sleep in a separate room and was responsible for keeping it organized from the age of seven. Even at school, his parents did not interfere when he was punished or scolded by his teachers for not following instructions. He recollects that these influences played a great role in shaping his personality to take up entrepreneurship as a care er choice. As stated by Ginbcus, Vermeulen, and Radulova (2008, p. 23), entrepreneurs tend to be independent and do not have high needs for conformity. This tendency is reflected in the personality of the entrepreneur interviewed. As mentioned earlier, family influences played an important part in shaping the entrepreneur’s eventual career choice. The father being an entrepreneur himself, there was a role model readily available within the immediate environment of the entrepreneur. As a child and even while growing up, the entrepreneur observed his father making business decisions and responding to challenges. During the interview, the entrepreneur stated that observing his father made him aware of the benefits as well as the risks of being an entrepreneur. Sometimes, his father had to make decisions that put the financial future of the family at risk. Sometimes, the risk paid off. But the family also had to face financial difficulties during some periods. The entrepreneur st ated that the determination of his father to persevere and the support of his mother helped them to overcome temporary setbacks. At any rate, the challenges did not deter the entrepreneur from following in his father’s footsteps. In fact, the entrepreneur said that often he felt that his father was not making the right decision. He then resolved that he would not make the same mistakes if he were to run his own business someday. Douglas (2009, p. 7) describes

Informational Interview Assignement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informational Interview Assignement - Assignment Example I went ahead and gave him a called and asked him for a one on one interview where he delightedly invited me to his home office for the interview. During the interview, I learnt many things regarding how a studio runs, its clients, its services and even the challenges the studios face. He also enlightened me on how to deal with challenges the studio faces. With such important and useful knowledge, I can easily solve problems in a studio and even come up with very important projects, which can improve service delivery and the image of a studio. This experience also gave me a chance to know how to go about with my area of specialization which is 3d modeling and to make it a huge success. I also got to learn the importance of teamwork in this field of work and the importance of working with other people as you get to share ideas and solve problems easily and efficiently. Summary of the interview Upon graduation, he became an Art Director for a political consulting company, designing grap hical looks for various senatorial, gubernatorial, and presidential campaigns. This is the first job which he landed on after completing his university education. In the university he trained as a photographer at Arizona State University and in fact, he wheeled free office space out school administrators and at a point used his student union digs to design a design firm before his graduation in1975. This is one of his great achievement while was still in the university. This required a lot of determination and sacrifice in order to accomplish it. His determination, hard work, and passion for design are the ones that really his dreams come true. Without these qualities Mr.Jon Ridgway could not be where he is today. The idea of applying print graphic design to broadcast environment, from promotional spots to the studio’s surroundings also helped him a lot. At that time, he was a graphic designer at a television station where he worked with journalists and other people in the st udio. It is at this time that he contributed to the launch of the successful show, Entertainment Tonight. This show became a huge success and it attracted many viewers in the nation. When it comes to skills, Mr.Ridgway has good communication skills, which has really helped him in relating with his colleagues, clients of Novocom and the general public. He also has extensive creative talent in photography and high interest in graphic design. He is also very skillful in doing graphic design work which is his area of specialization and interest. He keeps his skills current by engaging himself not only in office work but also in fieldwork to explore and use his skills. He also works with his juniors in many projects and he gives them his ideas. This makes his skills updated and he also gains from them in one way or another and his skills are in use. By doing this he also passes his skills to his juniors whom he works with and this enables them to learn from him and also emulate him. He a lso argues that creativity, self-reliance, and consistency are the most crucial values in this line of work. Without this values then it is very difficult for one to become successful in this field of work. When it comes to attitude, then one should have positive mind and believe in what he or she is working on. What he likes most is his work, his family and he dislikes the things that

Ethics and whistleblowing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics and whistleblowing - Essay Example Introduction ‘Whistleblowing’ basically refers to make any kind of disclosure in the general interest of public. The term is more commonly referred as ‘blowing the whistle’. If the employee working in any organisation feels that there is wrongdoing in their workplace, then they can report this to the management by following the correct processes. By doing so, their employment rights can be protected. It is worth mentioning that the whistleblowers are shielded for the public interest in order to encourage the people to speak out if they feel that any kind of malpractice is going on in the organisation (DirectGov 2011). The statistics published in public interest reveals that the people’s attitude towards the whistle blowing has improved to a great extent. The survey conducted by ‘Public Concern at Work’ in the year 2007 indicated that 85% of the people informed that they would raise a concern with regards to the malpractices that is taking place with the employers. It was further made evident that 31% of the people would go to the regulatory bodies or to the police if the ‘internal route’ was not considered as the option (Public Concern at Work n.d.). Growing awareness of employee rights, Public Interest Disclosure Act (1998), Health and Safety Executive, PR practices, CSR and Internal Codes of Practices have resulted in improving the condition for whistleblowing. UNISON, a public service union collaborated with Public Concern at Work in order to conduct survey to ask 2000 NHS staffs if whistleblowing was working or not. It was found that around 90% of them had blown the whistle at times when they were concerned about patient safety. 50% were not aware of the fact that their ‘Trust’ had a whistleblowing policy. 33% revealed that their ‘Trust’ wanted to blow the whistle despite being aware of the fact that it would result to bad publicity. 30% revealed that their ‘Trustâ₠¬â„¢ didn’t want them to be told that there was a severe problem while 25% said that the culture was improving (Public Concern at Work n.d.). This statistics can be shown graphically with the help of the chart below: Source: (Public Concern at Work n.d.). Source: (Public Concern at Work n.d.). Other Statistics on Whistleblowing Source: (NWC 2008). The figure that is demonstrated above depicts the companies that report operating a whistleblowing system and the percentage of those companies that consider it to be effective (NWC 2008). It has been found from the report that approximately 5678 cases of whistleblowing were received in the fiscal year 2009, which was up by nearly 2000 over the prior fiscal year (Worldwide ERC 2011). The major aim of this study is to evaluate how the organisations can develop an effective approach to the workplace whistleblowing taking into account the needs of its stakeholders. Research Question The main objective of the research is to evaluate how the organisation can develop an effective approach to workplace whistleblowing that takes into account of the needs of their stakeholders. Therefore, the whole assignment

The Evolution of the Graphic Industry Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of the Graphic Industry Essay The development and continuous improvement of technology has incessantly provided new professional fields that emerged to cater to the intensification brought about by the web explosion and digital breakthroughs in the industry. The creative spectrum in the graphic industry has open doors to a large number of occupations which careers may in some way or another extend beyond one particular expertise. Visual communication is the medium used by the artists to provide people the distinction between graphic design, fine art and even advertising art. Different industries that make use of visual tools most of the time utilize almost the same theories, principles, practices, languages and even elements in delivering their client’s needs. The book â€Å"A history of graphic design† conveys that the industry’s main essence is to provide arrangement to information, form to designs, feelings and expressions to a work of art which primary output is the documentation of human experience (Meggs, 1983). The graphic industry’s professional fields have high-racketed immensely that make way to the diversity of graphic designing jobs. The workforce in the graphic design business which holds the management related roles are creative directors, art directors and art production managers. Hands-on designers in the fields are logo designers, brand identity developers, visual image developers, illustrators, content developers, multimedia developer, visual journalists and layout artists. The web explosion and advancement opened its doors to interface layout artists and web designers usually employed by web development companies. Web design may entail collaboration of graphic designers and software engineers. Programmers are also in demand in the field of web development to provide their expertise in doing advance coding. Web masters are positions that specialize in both programming and web design. While traditional graphic design and interactive design both adhere to provide better physical facade, the two have distinguished characteristics from the other. At all times, traditional graphic design’s main purpose is to carry out an attractive application of an object. It is relatively eye-catching and bold. The layout of this kind of design deals primarily with the style treatment and array of a print’s content. The interactive design on the other hand, is mainly the design used in appliances, machines, CD software applications, mobile communications, computers and even websites which focus intensively on the user interaction and experience. It aims to proficiently deliver to a user an interaction that is both efficient and simple. Interactive design is also referred to as user-centered design. Traditional graphic design is utilized to please the eyes of each and every observer. It is highly used in logo design whereas it uses a process of sketching through thumbnails and rough drafts prior to hybrid process (Gregory 48). Interactive design process balances the visual elements with regards to the operational mode and the functionality of the system to make it usable and make it easily adjust to the user’s changing requirements and needs. Interactive design is widely used in the web. Web page designs give the internet users an active role in accessing what they need online. The more user-friendly a site is the more it is visited. The interactive design reflects lucid pathways to the information, products and tools a user necessitates. Design is fundamental to the success of most services and products released by a company. Both the graphic and the interactive design of a product and affect the consumer experience which directly and enormously affects the business success or failure. The profound impact of design is apparent as dictated by the developments in technology. Works Cited Gregory Thomas, How to Design Logos, Symbols and Icons: 24 Internationally Renowned Studios Reveal How They Develop Trademarks for Print and New Media, April 2003, pp:48 Meggs, Philip B. , A history of graphic design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983

Dr. Harold Glucksberg vs. The State of Washington Essay example -- Eut

Dr. Harold Glucksberg vs. The State of Washington 'Choosing death before dishonor is seen by some philosophers and ethicists as a rational reason to commit suicide.' In the 1994 case of Glucksberg v. Washington (Otherwise acknowledged as Compassion In Dying v. The State Of Washington), Harold Glucksberg, alongside the right-to-die organization Compassion In Dying, filed a suit in opposition to the state of Washington for three fatally ill patients he treated. Dr. Glucksberg and 'Compassion in Dying' set their case saying that the ban against doctor-assisted suicide was violating the right patients right of due process and placed an unjustified burden on terminally ill patients who required help to stop suffering misery from the disease that plagued their body and/or mind. While the case was in the state of Washington, it was seen in the plaintiff's favor: Dr. Harold Glucksberg and Compassion In Dying. Because of this the state laws changed in support of doctor-assisted suicide. The state of Washington still opposed the idea of this so they ordered an appeal. By 1997 the case, along with another case, (Quill v. Vacco), reached the Supreme Court. The decision in the Supreme Court did not, however, meet up to the original case. The defense won the trial. The case had a many important questions to it. In one question: is physician-assisted suicide morally, ethically, legally correct, and/or fair to anyone? Ethically Correct? ?One ought not to commit an act ...

Prosecuting Cyber Bullying

Technology is frequently being used to display personal Information on social networking sites for everyone In the world to see. With this Instantaneous technology, the school bully has access to an easier, more harmful, and anonymous way to intimidate their victim. Cyber bullying has become a form of harassment that is creating a myriad of problems for teenagers and, therefore, needs to be dealt with properly.The sense of anonymity and the ability to disguise ones identity online increases Weber bullying activity by â€Å"making fun of, telling lies, spreading rumors, threats and sharing private Information or pictures [online]† (Lulls lines 31-32). In spite of the recent technological advancements, problems with bullying has existed for generations. At the click of a button, the threatening information that can be posted online can be seen throughout the world for anyone to see.Because more people have access to someone's private or embarrassing information, â€Å"an increa sed audience can often lead to more harmful bullying Incidents† (Macaque 27). Cyber lulling can be committed any where and at any time, therefore â€Å"the cyber bullies may not fully understand the Impact of their behavior on their victims† (Lulls line 9). Cyber bullying can negatively affect an individual and even lead to depression and thoughts of suicide. There are many well known stories of teenagers compelled to desperate, even suicidal acts after having been exposed to recurrent harassment by others online.For Instance, the devastating and well-known case off 13-year-old girl named Megan Meier, committed seclude allegedly due to cyber bullying (Macaque 141 After coming friends with a boy she met online, Megan, who had a lifelong struggle with weight and self-esteem, finally met a boy she thought she could trust. After weeks of friendly conversations online Megan was eager to strengthen their relationship by finally meeting each other in person. Flirtatious messag es from her online boyfriend â€Å"Josh† suddenly turned into disturbing and confusing remarks such as â€Å"the world would be a better place without you† (Macaque 16). Josh† even began to post spiteful comments on his site about Megan. Megan committed seclude to escape the main and humiliation she was put through (â€Å"Social Networking Web Sites† 3). Investigators soon discovered that the profile of â€Å"Josh Evans† was created by a 48- year-old woman named Lori Drew. Loris's intentions were to tease and embarrass Megan, her next door neighbor and a former friend of Loris's 13-year-old daughter (Macaque 28). This case brought national attention to the dire consequences of cyber bullying. The community was outraged and demanded charges to be brought against this mother.Lori went to court but was never convicted because there was no law against cyber bullying. Another instance of the horrific effects of cyber bullying is portrayed in the tragic s tory of 18-year-old Tyler Clementine. Tyler started his freshman year with a big future ahead of him and a great outlook on life. Invading Teller's privacy, his college roommate streamed private footage online from a WebMD that he held In their dorm (â€Å"Key Events in the History of Prosecuting Cybernetics† 8). Comments about his sexuality flooded through his inbox that night.Days after the video went viral, Tyler could not handle the embarrassment and committed suicide by â€Å"Jumping off of the George Washington Bridge† (â€Å"Prosecuting Cybernetics† par. 1). These are two highly publicized and tragic cases resulting from abuse online. There are thousands of other people that are being threatened and bullied through technology every day and no one knows about it. There is nothing positive that results from bullying, but some people still believe that cyber bullies should not be prosecuted because it is not a crime.Critics say that cyber bullying is not an issue that should have legal attention, â€Å"but a dilemma best solved by schools and parents† (â€Å"Prosecuting Cybernetics† par. 2). Many school districts throughout the country are attempting to educate their students about online safety and protection. In order to solve the problem of cyber bullying, the critics believe that schools should concentrate on â€Å"spreading messages of tolerance and civility to all young people† (â€Å"Prosecuting Cybernetics† par. 2). Another point that critics stress is that prosecuting cyber bullies violates â€Å"the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech† (Hayward 21).Opponents to the prosecution of cyber bullies need to take into account the innocent people that are being terrorized online ND their rights to protect themselves. Supporters of the prosecution of these online abusers agree that cyber bullying leads to many emotional problems for the victims. Cyber bullies purposely â€Å"target their vict ims, revealing personal information on the Internet or harassing them through frequent or threatening messages† (â€Å"Prosecuting Cybernetics† par. 16). More often than not, school administrators and parents fail to identify and stop cyber bullying before it is too late.Prosecutors need to take action in order to protect students online. Students are apprehensive to tell an adult about abuse online because they fear the bullying will only get worse. Victims feel that they are on their own in the endless abuse and â€Å"allegedly saw no choice for escape except to kill themselves† (Lulls 22). Historically, a person repeatedly bullied is not only a danger to themselves, but may even have the urge to harm others. For example, in the article â€Å"Prosecuting Cybernetics†, research has determined that â€Å"perpetrators of school violence?such as the two students who went on a shooting rampage at ColumbineHigh School in Colorado in 1999?often have a history of both bullying and being bullied themselves† (par. 31). Even though the cyber bully is not physically shoving the victim around, they are still able to instill a sense of fear and hopelessness in their victims. In order to punish cyber bullies for their conduct, new, up-to-date laws need to be passed for the protection of the innocent victim. With technology being the most popular form of communication, it is important to establish a law to â€Å"deter future bullying with a legal means to punish those who cause harm†.

Communication Crisis Essay

Communication and Crisis Many of us know about the devastating hurricane Katrina that took place in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 2005, but how many of us actually thought about the communication issues. From the writing of James L Garnett and Alexander Kouzmin,† Hurricane Katrina was as much a communication disaster as it was a natural and bureaucratic disaster. Communication gaps, missed signals, information technology failures, administrative buï ¬â‚¬ering, turf battles, and deliberate and unintentional misinterpretations delayed and handicapped both the recognition of the crisis that Katrina posed and the response to its devastation.† If Americans actually stop and think about it, not only was the media trying to communicate with America on what was happening but also trying to get word out to the people which were affected. Advantages of the communication from the media to some extent helped to obtain as much information and photos to public to help everyone understand what was taken place. To the local community communication challenges took place because Mother Nature does not care about keeping today’s technology in working conditions. Once the power goes down what is the point of technology for citizens in the middle of the disaster area, they cannot receive information on where to go, if help is on the way. Because of Mother Nature’s way of approaching upon so many areas in the United States and around the world each community should start disaster programs to teach each person on survival, there are so many ways to communicate with community in learning techniques. Town meeting is one way to start, give demonstrations on how to take cover from Tornados, Fires and, of course Hurricanes. Most of us were taught in school the basic safety procedures during storms. Common knowledge during a tornado is to take cover in the lowest point of the home such as a basement or if no basement is accessible, then to remove yourself from any windows and doors because of the suction that comes with the storm. During fires go to the nearest exit and go as far away from the fire so no one gets burned or if fire does contact a person to stop drop and roll until the fire is out, in a hurricane tape up all windows in a x shape to keep the winds from scattering glass all over, if he or she lives near water, place sands bags along the shore line to help rising water. All these things can save lives but does everyone know what to do if there is no available hospital’s near because they too were caught in the damage. This is where local doctors, firefighters and police need to communicate their training with the public, as previously said by demonstrations, brochures, feeling the emotions of concerned population in their area. Offering radios that not only work by batteries but can wind up receiving power so the information can get to the area that has been affected. Education on how to make a reserve area in the home or even in a safe and secure place outside of the home of survival materi als such as water, food, clothing the essentials that humans need to live daily. Training on how to contact and find loved ones, and to cope with devastation. As individuals with training on survival we still depend on the doctors and nurses that are available to take charge and because of their years of training they will, but in an area were a natural disaster has taken place technology will not be able to help. All hospitals have back up power but even then that does not last. During hurricane Sandy the New York, NYU Langone Medical Center’s learned this lesson, after the emergency generators turned on within two hours 90 percent of the power was drained. ( Roney, Kathleen) This particular tragedy had the health care industry trying to come up with ways to save and recover data on each patient, and improve back up power to allow the hospitals and equipment to keep functioning. According to the article 4 Tips to Strengthen Hospital Data and Recovery Plans for Natural Disasters the four ideas they have come up with to help the Health Care are 1. Validate third-party data recovery services, 2. Backup data in a safe-place offsite, 3. If possible, prepare and practice with paper-based options, 4. Validate your backup power. ( Roney, Kathleen) In closing no matter how widely the information that comes from the media is right or wrong during a natural disaster, any information giving to the public is better than silence. Many may complain after all is said and done on how not all the information was correct but enough was, it helps the loved ones watching because that may be the only communication available. The more our community offers in knowledge through all stages of communication the better each and every one will be prepared. It is said to say but with all the modern day technology that we depend on it takes Americans to get shook up a little to see that even the new evolving world still needs solutions. References Garnett, J. L., & Kouzmin, A. (December,2007). Communicating throughout Katrina: Competing and Complementary Conceptual Lenses on Crisis Communication. Retrieved from http://www.glerl.noaa.gov Roney, K. (November 02,2012). 4 Tios to Strengthen Hospital Data Recovery Plans for Natural Disasters. Retrieved from http://www.beckerhospitalreview.com